CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES IN POLAND’S POLICY TOWARDS UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF MIGRATION
Keywords:
Poland, Ukraine, migration, international policy, EU, integration of migrantsAbstract
Migration from Ukraine to Poland, especially after 24thFebruary 2022, has become one of the key issues of international policy. The aim of this publication is to analyze the strategies and challenges faced by Poland in managing Ukrainian migration, both at the national and international level. The work focuses on Poland’s migration policy towards Ukraine, bilateral cooperation and activities in the EU and in relations with other countries. The analysis shows that Poland, as the main receiving country for migrants from Ukraine, is conducting intensive activities both at the national and international level. These include the integration of migrants, financial support and relocation policies, which require a long term strategy. The adopted conclusions can constitute a basis for considerations on the future of Poland’s migration policy towards Ukraine and its role in the European migration management system.
Downloads
References
Adamczak, M. (2022). Ukrainian migration to Poland: Causes and consequences. Migration Studies Journal, 15(4), 102–118.
Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego. (2023). The impact of the influx of migrants from Ukraine on the Polish economy. Warsaw.
Bankier.pl. (2024). Emigranci z Ukrainy a budżet Polski 2024 r. ile wpłacili, a ile dostali? [Migrants from Ukraine and the Polish budget 2024: How much did they contribute and how much did they receive?]. Retrieved May 28, 2025, from https://www.bankier.pl/amp/wiadomosc/Emigranci-z-Ukrainy-a-budzet-Polski-2024-r-ile-wplacili-a-ile-dostali-8905790
Batory Foundation. (2023). Poland towards refugees from Ukraine: Integration challenges. Warsaw.
Brunarska, Z., Grotte, M., & Lesińska, M. (2023). Migrations of Ukrainian citizens to Poland in the context of socio-economic development. Warsaw.
Central Statistical Office. (2024). Demographic Yearbook 2024. Warsaw.
Center for Cultural Analysis. (2023). The impact of Ukrainian migration on culture in Poland. Report.
Chmielecka, R. (2021). Immigrants from Ukraine in Poland – challenges, opportunities, threats. Kazimierz Wielki University.
Council of the EU. (2024a). EU return policy. Retrieved May 11, 2025, from https://www.consilium.europa.eu
Council of the EU. (2024b). Negotiations on the Pact on Migration and Asylum. Retrieved May 22, 2025, from https://www.consilium.europa.eu
Deloitte. (2024). Analysis of the impact of refugees from Ukraine on the Polish economy. Report for UNHCR. Retrieved May 28, 2025, from https://www2.deloitte.com/pl
Economic effects of Ukrainian migration to Poland. (2023). Legal and Economic Studies, University of Wrocław.
European Commission. (2022a). Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund. Retrieved May 20, 2025, from https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/asylum_en
European Commission. (2022b). Impact of migration on national policies. Retrieved May 28, 2025, from https://ec.europa.eu/info/policies/migration-and-asylum_en
European Commission. (2024a). Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF). Retrieved May 23, 2025, from https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs
European Commission. (2024b). Pact on Migration and Asylum. Retrieved May 10, 2025, from https://ec.europa.eu
European Commission. (2024c). Refugee relocation policy in the EU. Retrieved May 18, 2025, from https://ec.europa.eu
Eurostat. (2023). Migration data in the EU after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Retrieved May 28, 2025, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained
Eurostat. (2024a). Migration and employment trends in Europe. Retrieved May 22, 2025, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Migration_and_migrant_population_statistics
Eurostat. (2024b). Ukraine refugees in the EU: Statistics overview. Brussels.
FRONTEX. (2024a). Operational activities and reports. Retrieved April 12, 2025, from https://frontex.europa.eu
FRONTEX. (2024b). Operational cooperation with Member States. Retrieved March 28, 2025, from https://frontex.europa.eu
Institute of Public Affairs. (2024). Poland’s migration policy – challenges and recommendations. Warsaw.
International Organization for Migration. (2023). Poland-Ukraine cooperation in the field of migration. Retrieved May 28, 2025, from https://www.iom.int
Kaczmarek, A. (2021). Poland in the EU migration policy: Selected aspects of cooperation and challenges. PWN Scientific Publishing House.
Łapczyński, M. (2014). Eastern Partnership – It’s high time to start a real “partnership”. Yearbook of Polish European Studies, 17(1), 89–108.
Lysiuk, O., & Britchenko, I. (2020). The influence of migration on the financial circulation in the economy of Ukraine. VUZF Review, 5(4), 9–14.
Ministry of Digital Affairs. (2023). PESEL for Ukrainian citizens. Warsaw.
Ministry of Education and Science. (2024). Integration of students from Ukraine in Polish schools. Warsaw.
Ministry of Family and Social Policy. (2022a). Report on the situation of Ukrainians in Poland 2021. Warsaw.
Ministry of Family and Social Policy. (2022b). Report on the situation of Ukrainians in Poland 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2025, from https://www.gov.pl/web/rodzina
Ministry of Family and Social Policy. (2023). Employment of Ukrainian citizens. Warsaw.
Ministry of Finance. (2024a). Public expenditure related to refugee assistance. Warsaw.
Ministry of Finance. (2024b). Public expenditure related to refugee assistance. Retrieved May 12, 2025, from https://www.gov.pl/web/finanse
Ministry of Finance. (2024c). Use of EU funds by Poland to help refugees. Warsaw.
Ministry of Finance. (2024d). Use of EU funds by Poland to help refugees. Retrieved May 11, 2025, from https://www.gov.pl/web/finanse
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2022). Poland’s bilateral cooperation with Ukraine on migration and humanitarian aid. Retrieved May 18, 2025, from https://mfa.gov.pl/en/poland-ukraine-migration-cooperation
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2023). Poland’s humanitarian efforts for Ukrainian refugees. Retrieved May 22, 2025, from https://www.gov.pl/web/ukraine/refugee-assistance
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2024a). Migration diplomacy of Poland. Warsaw.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2024b). Migration diplomacy of Poland. Retrieved April 21, 2025, from https://www.gov.pl/web/dyplomacja
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2024c). Poland’s position in EU negotiations. Warsaw.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2024d). Poland’s position in EU negotiations. Retrieved April 21, 2025, from https://www.gov.pl/web/dyplomacja
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2024e). Polish-Ukrainian cooperation – report 2024. Warsaw.
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration. (2023). Coordination of assistance to refugees from Ukraine.
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration. (2024a). Bilateral agreements on migration cooperation. Warsaw.
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration. (2024b). Bilateral agreements on migration cooperation. Retrieved April 11, 2025, from https://www.gov.pl/web/mswia
National Bank of Poland. (2023). The impact of migration on the Polish economy. Warsaw.
Nowak, J. (2022). Poland’s migration policy towards Ukrainian refugees in the context of the 2022 crisis. Jagiellonian University Publishing House.
Ocalenie Foundation. (2024). Aid to refugees 2022–2024. Warsaw.
Office for Foreigners. (2023). Legislative changes in the context of the stay of Ukrainians in Poland. Warsaw.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2023). Analysis of the economic consequences of Ukrainian migration to EU countries.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2024a). International Migration Outlook 2024. Paris.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and development. (2024b). International Migration Outlook 2024. Retrieved April 28, 2025, from https://www.oecd.org
Pac, W. (2024a). Demographic and social consequences of the Russo-Ukrainian war for Ukraine. Politics & Security, 9(3), 53–67.
Pac, W. (2024b). Humanitarian assistance for war refugees from Ukraine: A case study of the Podkarpacki Branch of the Polish Red Cross. Politics & Security, 9(3), 36–52.
Polish Economic Institute. (2024a). Housing market in Poland 2022–2024. Warsaw.
Polish Economic Institute. (2024b). Rental market report 2022–2023. Warsaw.
Social Insurance Institution. (2024). Foreigners in the ZUS system 2021–2023. Warsaw.
The European Union. (2022). The EU’s support for Ukraine and its refugee policy. Retrieved April 20, 2025, from https://europa.eu/immigration/ukraine-support_en
United Nations. (2018). Global Compact for Migration. Retrieved April 21, 2025, from https://www.un.org
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (1951). Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. Retrieved May 11, 2025, from https://www.unhcr.org
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (2023). Report on the situation of refugees from Ukraine in Europe. Retrieved May 12, 2025, from https://www.unhcr.org/ukraine-situation
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (2024). Ukraine refugee situation overview. Geneva.
Visegrad Group. (2024). Regional cooperation in the field of migration. Report. Retrieved March 28, 2025, from https://www.visegradgroup.eu
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Wojciech Pac
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
